Cerebral palsy (CP) is a series of conditions that impair a person's ability to move, balance, and maintain posture. The most prevalent motor impairment in children is cerebral palsy. Cerebral refers to having something to do with the brain. Palsy refers to muscular weakness or difficulty utilising the muscles. CP is caused by aberrant brain development or brain injury that inhibits a person's ability to regulate his or her muscle
Causes
The unusual brain growth or injury that causes CP can occur before birth, during birth, within a month of birth, or throughout the early years of a child's life, while the brain is still developing.
Congenital CP refers to CP caused by improper brain development or injury before or during birth. The vast majority of CP (85–90%) is congenital. In many situations, the exact cause is unknown.
Risk factors
Birthweight is underweight
Premature childbirth
Births in multiples
Treatments for infertility with assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Pregnancy-related infections
Kernicterus and jaundice
Complications during childbirth
Signs and Symptoms
Motor coordination
Spasticity is the most prevalent movement disease, characterised by stiff muscles and excessive reflexes.
Muscle tone variations, such as being either overly stiff or too floppy
Muscles that are stiff but have normal responses (rigidity)
Instability of balance and muscular coordination (ataxia)
Tremors, sometimes known as jerky involuntary movements, are a type of tremor.
Slow, writhing motions
Favoring one side of the body, such as just using one hand to reach or dragging a leg when crawling
Speaking and eating
Speech development delays
Speaking with difficulty
Suction, chewing, or eating difficulties
Excessive drooling or swallowing difficulties
Development
Delayed achievement of motor skill milestones such as sitting up or crawling
Other issues
Damage to the brain can lead to a variety of additional neurological issues, including:
Convulsions (epilepsy)
Hearing impairment
Vision issues and strange eye motions
Touch or pain sensations that are abnormal
Constipation and urine incontinence are two symptoms of bladder and bowel issues.
Emotional illnesses and behavioural issues are examples of mental health concerns.
Treatment
Medication
Physiotherapy
Speech therapy
Stretching
Muscle Strengthening
Electro-modalities
Gait training
Occupational therapy
Surgery
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