Overview
Sciatica is pain resulting from irritation of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the largest in the body and begins from nerve roots in the spinal cord in the low back and extends through the buttock area to send nerve endings down the lower limb. Sciatica pain is typically felt from the low back to behind the thigh and radiating down below the knee.
Causes
Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes pinched, usually by a herniated disk in your spine or by an overgrowth of bone (bone spur) on your vertebrae. More rarely, the nerve can be compressed by a tumor or damaged by a disease such as diabetes.
Risk factors
Age.
The most common causes of sciatica are age-related changes in the spine, such as herniated discs and bone spurs.
Obesity.
Excess body weight can contribute to the spinal changes that cause sciatica by increasing the stress on your spine.
Occupation.
A job that requires you to twist your back, carry heavy loads, or drive a motor vehicle for long periods of time may contribute to sciatica, but there is no conclusive evidence of this connection.
Long periods of sitting.
People who sit for long periods of time or lead a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to develop sciatica than those who lead an active lifestyle.
Diabetes.
This condition, which affects how your body uses blood sugar, raises your chances of nerve damage.
Prevention
Sciatica is not always preventable, and the condition may reoccur. The following items can help protect your back:
Regular exercise is essential.
Pay special attention to your core muscles to keep your back strong. These are the muscles in your abdomen and lower back that are necessary for proper posture and alignment. Inquire with your doctor about specific activities.
When sitting, maintain proper posture.
Choose a seat with a swivel base, armrests, and good lower back support. Consider putting a pillow or rolled towel in the small of your back to keep it curvy. Maintain a level line with your knees and hips.
Make good use of your body mechanics.
If you have to stand for long periods of time, take a break and rest one foot on a stool or a small box. Allow your lower extremities to do the work when lifting anything heavy. Move up and down in a straight line. Maintain a straight back and just bend at the knees. Keep the burden as near to your body as possible. Lifting and twisting at the same time is not a good idea. If the thing is heavy or uncomfortable, find a lifting partner.
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